The Things They Carried Chapter That Obrian Reunites the Platoon Again

1990 short story collection past Tim O'Brien

The Things They Carried

First edition encompass
Author	Tim O'Brien
Country	United States
Language	English
Genre	Historical Fiction
Published	March 28, 1990
Publisher	Houghton Mifflin
Media type	Impress (hardcover, paperback)
Pages	233
ISBN	0767902890

The Things They Carried (1990) is a drove of linked short stories by American novelist Tim O'Brien, about a platoon of American soldiers fighting on the ground in the Vietnam War. His third book about the war, it is based upon his experiences as a soldier in the 23rd Infantry Division.

O'Brien mostly refrains from political debate and soapbox regarding the Vietnam War. He was dismayed that people in his habitation town seemed to have so little understanding of the state of war and its world. Information technology was in part a response to what he considered ignorance that he wrote The Things They Carried.^[i] Information technology was published by Houghton Mifflin in 1990.^[two]

Many of the characters are semi-autobiographical, sharing similarities with figures from his memoir If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Ship Me Home (1973/paperback 1999). In The Things They Carried, O'Brien plays with the genre of metafiction; he writes using verisimilitude. His use of real place names and inclusion of himself as the protagonist blurs fiction and non-fiction.^[three] Equally part of this event, O'Brien dedicates The Things They Carried to the fictional men of the "Alpha Company," contributing to the novel appearing to exist a war memoir.^[4]

Plot summaries [edit]

"The Things They Carried"

Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, the leader of a platoon of soldiers in Vietnam, carries physical reminders of Martha, the object of his unrequited love. Thoughts of Martha often distract Lieutenant Cross from his team's objectives. A death in the squad under his supervision causes Cross to reconsider his priorities; as he was heartbroken, he burns and throws away all reminders of Martha in club to focus on the mission and avert distractions.^[5]

"Love"

Cross and O'Brien reminisce nearly the war and about Martha. O'Brien asks if he can write a story about Cross, expressing his memories and hopes for the future; Cross agrees, thinking that peradventure Martha will read it and come up find him.^[6]

"Spin"

A series of unrelated memories from the state of war are narrated from O'Brien's point of view. It includes moments of camaraderie and beauty: a joke of a hate letter to the Draft Board; learning a pelting dance between battles.^[7]

"On the Rainy River"

O'Brien gets drafted as soon equally he graduates from college. He is reluctant to go to war and considers fleeing the typhoon; he begins to travel northward to the Canada–U.s. edge on the Rainy River. Well-nigh the border, he encounters an elderly stranger who allows him to work through his internal struggle. O'Brien is given the opportunity to escape; however, the societal pressures are likewise much for him. He goes to state of war ashamed with his inability to face up the consequences of leaving.^[8]

"Enemies and Friends"

Told in 2 sections, the developing relationship between soldiers Jensen and Strunk is shown. At starting time regularly antagonized by one some other, the two are drawn toward respect and friendship by the stress and horrors of warfare. Ultimately, they concur that if one should be wounded, the other must deal a fatal blow equally a form of mercy.^[ix]

"How to Tell a Truthful War Story"

O'Brien explores the telling of war stories by comrades, revealing that truth is frail and malleable. Annihilation can be faked ... but generally, only the worst events can be proven existent. He concludes that, in the stop, the truth of a story doesn't matter so much as what the story is trying to say.^[10]

"The Dentist"

In order to mourn Curt Lemon, a man O'Brien did not know well, he shares a brief recollection about a bizarre interaction between Lemon and an army dentist. Lemon, who is agape of dentists, faints before the dentist can examine him. Later that dark, nonetheless, he complains of a phantom tooth ache and then severe a molar is pulled - even though information technology'southward perfectly healthy. Lemon has felt he needs to testify himself in front of his men and be the fearless man all soldiers are supposed to be.^[11]

"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong"

O'Brien recounts the legendary (and nearly certainly exaggerated) tale of Rat Kiley's start assignment, near the Vocal Tra Bong river. The surface area is so isolated that one of the soldiers flies his hometown girlfriend in by helicopter. At first, she cooks, cleans, and tends to the soldiers' wounds, only she gradually assimilates into Vietnamese guerrilla culture, even wearing a necklace made of human being tongues, and disappears into the jungle.^[12]

"Stockings"

O'Brien explains how Henry Dobbins wore the stockings of his girlfriend around his cervix to bed, and sometimes to boxing. Even when the girlfriend breaks things off, he keeps the stockings around his neck, as their powers have been demonstrated.^[thirteen]

"Church"

The platoon discovers an abandoned building beingness used as a sort of church, inhabited by monks who bring them nutrient and supplies. The men hash out their relationships with churches, and for the most part, capeesh the interaction with other people and the peace of the building. Henry Dobbins wants to go a priest, but decides otherwise.^[14]

"The Man I Killed"

O'Brien describes a homo he killed in My Khe, and how he did it. He makes up a life story for the man, torturing himself with the idea that the victim had been a gentle soul.^[15]

"Ambush"

O'Brien's daughter asks if he killed anyone in the state of war; he lies to her that he did not. He so tells the story of an ambush outside My Khe, in which O'Brien kills a swain who may or may not have wanted to harm him.^[sixteen]

"Style"

The platoon witnesses a young Vietnamese girl dancing through the burned remains of her village, and argue over whether it's a ritual or only what she likes to practice. Afterward, Azar mocks the girl, and Dobbins rebukes him.^[17]

"Speaking of Backbone"

After his service, Norman Bowker is at a loss. His former girlfriend has married someone else, his closest friends are expressionless. He reflects on the medals he won in Vietnam, and imagines telling his male parent most both these and the medals he did not win. Ultimately, although he has no 1 to share these memories with, he finds catharsis in imagined conversations.^[xviii]

"Notes"

O'Brien says that Bowker asked him to write the previous story, and that he hanged himself 3 years later unable to regain his footing and find whatever significant in life later the state of war. O'Brien muses over the suspicion that, without Harvard and writing, he likewise might have lost the will to live after returning from Vietnam.^[nineteen]

"In the Field"

When Kiowa is killed on the banks of a river, during a mission led by Jimmy Cross, Cross takes responsibleness for his death. He writes to Kiowa'due south male parent while the others search for the body - as usual, Azar jokes around at get-go. Another soldier as well feels responsible for the death, as he did not save Kiowa; the story ends with the torso existence found in the mud, and both soldiers left to their guilt.^[20]

"Skilful Course"

O'Brien reiterates that the existent truth does non have to exist the same as the story truth, and that it is the emotions evoked by the story that affair. He says that his story about killing a man on the trail outside My Khe was fabricated, merely he wanted to provoke the aforementioned feelings in the reader that he felt during the state of war.^[21]

"Field Trip"

After finishing the story, "In the Field," O'Brien says, he and his x-year-erstwhile daughter visit the site of Kiowa's decease with an interpreter. The field looks different from his retention of it, only he leaves a pair of Kiowa's moccasins in the spot where he believes Kiowa sank. In this way, he comes to terms with his friend's expiry.^[22]

"The Ghost Soldiers"

O'Brien recounts the ii times he was wounded. The first fourth dimension, he is treated by Rat Kiley, and is impressed with the homo's backbone and skill. The second fourth dimension, he is treated by Kiley's replacement, Bobby Jorgenson; Jorgenson is incompetent, and nearly kills O'Brien. Furious, O'Brien promises revenge, only can recruit merely Azar. They scare Jorgenson by pretending to be enemy soldiers, but the soldier proves that he is not a coward, then O'Brien lets go of his resentment.^[23]

"Dark Life"

O'Brien tells the 2d-mitt business relationship of Rat Kiley's injury: warned of a possible attack, the platoon is on edge. Kiley reacts by distancing himself, the stress causing him first to exist silent for days on finish, and then to talk constantly. He has a breakdown from the pressure level of existence a medic, and shoots himself in the toe in order to become released from combat. No one questions his bravery.^[24]

"The Lives of the Expressionless"

O'Brien remembers his very first encounter with a dead body, that of his childhood sweetheart Linda. Suffering from a brain tumor, Linda died at the age of ix and O'Brien was deeply affected past her funeral. In Vietnam, O'Brien explains, the soldiers keep the dead alive by telling stories about them; in this way, he keeps Linda alive by telling her story.^[25]The thought and presence of death has shown to have a big effect on O'Brien.

Characters [edit]

Main characters [edit]

Tim O'Brien

The narrator and the protagonist. While modeled after the author and sharing the aforementioned name, O'Brien (within the book) is a fictional grapheme. The author intentionally blurs this stardom.

Lt. Jimmy Cross

The platoon leader, who is obsessed with a young woman back home, Martha (who does not return his feelings). He later on believes that his obsession led to the death of Ted Lavender.

Bob "Rat" Kiley

A young medic whose exaggerations are complemented by his occasional cruelty. Eventually, he sees too much gore and begins to pause down, imagining "the bugs are out to become [him]."

Norman Bowker

A soldier who O'Brien says attempted to save Kiowa the night he died. When Kiowa slips into the "shitfield", Bowker repeatedly tries to salvage him just is unable to; every bit a upshot, he feels guilty for Kiowa's death after the war. His memories keep to haunt Norman at abode as he realizes that the earth has moved on from the state of war, and wants zilch to do with the "hell" in Vietnam. He is continually haunted past the fact that he could not save Kiowa from sinking under the "shitfield" on a rainy night. However, O'Brien admits eventually that Norman did not neglect to save Kiowa, that was fictional, and information technology is unsaid that O'Brien himself was the ane who could not save him. After the war he briefly assists O'Brien in writing a story almost Vietnam, just he hangs himself with a jump rope in an Iowa YMCA facility, leaving no notation and his family unit shocked.

Henry Dobbins

Machine gunner. A man who, despite having a rather large frame, is gentle and kind. He is very superstitious; equally a result, he wears his girlfriend'southward pantyhose effectually his neck as a protective "charm", even after she dumps him. He briefly contemplates condign a monk later the state of war due to their acts of charity.

Kiowa

A compassionate and talkative soldier; he demonstrates the importance of talking nigh 1's bug and traumatic experiences. He is too a devout Baptist and a Native American that occasionally feels contempt and distrust towards white people. Notwithstanding, he appears to be Tim O'Brien's best friend in the company. Kiowa oftentimes helps other soldiers bargain with their ain actions, such as taking the lives of other human beings. He is eventually killed when camping out in the "shitfield."

Mitchell Sanders

He is the radiotelephone operator for the platoon. Like O'Brien, he is likewise a storyteller and is portrayed as a mentor.

Ted Lavender

A grenadier. He dies from a gunshot wound to the back of the head. He is notorious for using tranquilizers to cope with the pain of war, and for conveying a (rather large—6 to eight ounces) stash of "premium dope" with him. Cross blames himself for Lavander's death, as he was fantasizing almost Martha when Lavender was shot.

Short Lemon

A fellow who frequently attempts to assume the role as a tough soldier. All the same, he is besides proficient friend of Rat Kiley. Lemon dies later setting off a rigged artillery crush. In i of the book's more agonizing scenes, O'Brien and Dave Jensen help clear the trees of Brusque'due south scattered remains, during which Jensen sings "Lemon Tree" (something that "wakes [Tim] up"). After Lemon dies, Kiley writes a long, eloquent letter of the alphabet to Lemon'due south sister, describing his friendship with Lemon and emphasizing how good a person Lemon was; Lemon'south sis never responds, which crushes Kiley emotionally.

Azar

A young, rather unstable soldier who engages in needless and frequent acts of brutality. In ane story, he blows upwards an orphan puppy that Ted Lavander had adopted by strapping it to a Claymore mine, then detonating it. He as well aids Tim O'Brien in gaining revenge on Bobby Jorgenson, simply mocks O'Brien when he's not willing to take the revenge farther. At i point, Azar breaks down emotionally, revealing that his cruelty is only a defence mechanism.

Dave Jensen and Lee Strunk

Minor soldiers who are the main characters of "Enemies" and "Friends". Jensen fights with Strunk over a stolen jackknife, simply they became uneasy friends later. They each sign a pact to impale the other if he is ever faced with a "wheelchair wound". Afterwards Strunk steps on a rigged mortar round and loses a leg, he begs Jensen not to kill him. Jensen obliges, but seems to have an enormous weight relieved when he learns "Strunk died somewhere over in Chu Lai". Jensen is sometimes mentioned singing "Lemon Tree" after Short Lemon's abrupt death. Jensen besides appears in "The Lives of the Dead", where he pressures O'Brien to milk shake hands with a dead Vietnamese.

Bobby Jorgenson

Rat Kiley's replacement, after Rat "put a circular through his human foot" due to breaking nether pressure level. Green and terrified, he is tedious to help O'Brien when he is shot in the backside. Jorgenson most kills O'Brien after failing to treat him for shock. Filled with rage afterward his recovery, O'Brien elicits help from Azar to conspire and punish Jorgenson with a night of terrifying pranks. Later, O'Brien and Jorgenson become friends. Jorgenson may be a reference to a similarly-named grapheme from The Caine Mutiny.

Themes [edit]

Genre

The Things They Carried is a war novel. Literary Critic David Wyatt points out that O'Brien's novel is similar to the works of Wilfred Owen, Stephen Crane, George Orwell, and Ernest Hemingway.^[26] O'Brien utilizes a manner of writing that combines both fiction and nonfiction together into ane piece. When asked to describe how he blurs this line betwixt the 2 genres, O'Brien says "I fix out to write a book with the feel of utter and accented reality, a work of fiction that would read like nonfiction and adhere to the conventions of a memoir: dedicating the book to the characters, using my proper name, drawing on my ain life. This was a technical challenge. My goal was to compose a fiction with the texture, audio and authentic-seeming weight of nonfiction."^[27]

Truth vs Reality

Another theme that is highlighted in the short story "Good Form," is when the narrator makes a distinction between "story truth" and "happening truth." O'Brien talks about truth and reality in relation to the story by describing, "I tin can say that the volume'southward class is intimately connected to how I, as a human being, tend to view the world unfolding itself around me. Information technology'due south sometimes difficult to divide external 'reality' from the internal processing of that reality."^[27] O'Brien'south fluid and elliptical negotiation of truth in this context finds echoes in works labeled every bit 'non-fiction novels'.

Imagination/Comedy

Some other important theme O'Brien highlights is the emphasis on imagination and pretending. He says that this theme, "That'due south an of import part of my work. I'm a believer in the power of the imagination in ordinary human lives, and information technology'south much more important that we oft credit."^[27] O'Brien goes on to say, "And that is, I think, central to why I'1000 a fiction writer. If that element were non present, I'd be doing nonfiction. Or I wouldn't be a writer at all."^[27] Tim O'Brien also alludes to the difficulty in using night comedy equally a theme by say, "My approximate is that I'll be remembered, if I'm remembered at all, for my and so-called tragedies: The Things They Carried, Going Afterward Cacciato, If I Die in a Combat Zone and In the Lake of the Woods. Personally, I consider Tomcat in Love, if not my best book, certainly up there amid the best. Nevertheless I realize the about "literary" folks volition disagree. In the stop, it'south a affair of gustatory modality, I suppose. My sense of humor, which tends toward the outrageous, is plain not for everyone."^[27]

Morality

O'Brien also shows the constant struggle of morality throughout the story during the Vietnam State of war. A paper from Brigham Young University highlights the conflict that soldiers face when transitioning from civilian life to soldier life in relation to morality. It states, "As demonstrated through the soldiers' experiences with pleasure, the soldiers' moral lawmaking must modify from that of their civilian lives in social club for them to detect moral justification in the everyday violence state of war requires."^[28] The paper goes on to admit that, "In O'Brien's The Things They Carried, the concept of morality is complicated by the treatment of violence and a connexion between violence and pleasure; resultantly, morality must be defined on a spectrum rather than a binary scale."^[29]

Belief

Additionally, the character Tim references writing the book Going Later on Cacciato which the writer Tim had written and published previously. The theme of believing in the people around you and having reliable people with you comes from the time period existence filled with people who are opposed to the action of war. This causes the people who are drafted into the mutual hate to band together to live.^[30]

Adaptations [edit]

Film

A film adaptation of the book, directed by Rupert Sanders and starring Tom Hardy, is currently in pre-product. Scott B. Smith is adapting the script.^[31]

The story "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong" was made into a film in 1998, titled A Soldier'southward Sweetheart starring Kiefer Sutherland. Premiering at the Seattle International Motion-picture show Festival it was presently released on VHS, and was re-released in theaters in Belgium in 2010. Receiving skilful reviews from critics, the flick was nominated for "Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special" and won an award for "Best Sound Editing - Television receiver Movies of the Week - Dialogue & ADR."^[32]

Theatre

The legal rights to adapt the book into a play were awarded to James R. Stowell. The book was adapted into a play and it premiered at The History Theatre in Saint Paul, Minnesota, March xiv, 2014. A 2d production was performed at The Lied Middle, Lincoln Nebraska November 5, 2015. The stories "The Things They Carried," "On the Rainy River," "How to Tell a True War Story," "Sweetheart of the Vocal Tra Bong," "The Homo I Killed," and "Lives of the Dead" were adapted for the theatre in March 2011 by the Eastern Washington University Theatre Department as part of the universities' Get Lit! Literary Festival in cooperation with the National Endowment for the Arts The Big Read 2011, of which The Things They Carried was the featured novel.^[33] The aforementioned department remounted the production in December 2011 for inclusion equally a Participating Entry in the Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival.^[34] The product was selected as an alternate for KCACTF Region VII, as well as receiving other KCACTF honors for the production's director, actors, and production staff.^[35]

Music

The band Television set Girl features a song off their 2014 album 'French Get out' called 'Pantyhose'. The song alludes to the "Stockings" chapter from the book and references Henry Dobbins and his girlfriend'due south stockings, which he ties effectually his neck to keep him from harm. Lyrics such as,"And when the bullets came, he didn't duck; He wrapped her pantyhose around his neck; And he could feel their magic working; Keeping him from harm; Away to some place mystical and warm; His lucky amuse" clearly references to Dobbins and his tactic that the scent of his girlfriend's stockings protect him and take him some place far from Vietnam.

Games

"Carry. A game about war." is a role-playing game (2006) pattern by Nathan D. Paoletta : its author describes information technology equally "heavily inspired by the films Platoon and Full Metal Jacket and the novel The Things They Carried"^[36]

Publication [edit]

Before the volume'due south publication in 1990, five of the stories: "The Things They Carried," "How to Tell a True War Story," "Sweetheart of the Vocal Tra Bong," "The Ghost Soldiers," and "The Lives of the Expressionless" were published in Esquire.^[37]

"Speaking of Courage" was originally published (in heavily modified grade) as a affiliate of O'Brien's before novel Going Subsequently Cacciato.

"The Things They Carried" was also included in the 1987 volume of The All-time American Short Stories, edited by Ann Beattie^[38] and the 2nd edition of Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poesy, and Drama by Robert DiYanni.

Reception [edit]

The Things They Carried has received critical acclaim and has been established equally one of the preeminent pieces of Vietnam State of war literature.^[39] It has sold over 2 million copies worldwide^[twoscore] and celebrated its 20th ceremony in 2010. It has received multiple awards such equally French republic'south Prix du Meilleur Livre Etranger Honour and the Chicago Tribune Heartland Prize, too as existence a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Critics Circle Award.^[41]

O'Brien has expressed surprise at how the volume has get a staple in centre schools and high schools, stating that he "certainly hadn't imagined fourteen twelvemonth-old kids and eighteen year-olds and those even in their early on twenties reading the book and bringing such fervor to it, which comes from their own lives, really. The book is applied to a bad childhood or a broken home, and these are the things they're carrying. And in a way, it's extremely flattering, and other times, it can be depressing."^[42]

In 2014, the volume was included in Amazon.com's listing of 100 Books to Read in a Lifetime^[43] and credited as the inspiration for a National Veterans Art Museum showroom.^[44]

It was included in the Library of Congress 2016 exhibit "America Reads" of the public'due south choice of 65 of "the almost influential books written and read in America and their impact on our lives".^[45]

References [edit]

1. ^ Herzog, Toby C., "Tim O'Brien," New York: Twayne Publishers, 1997.
2. ^ Israel, Elfie (December 1997). "What Contemporary Authors Tin can Teach Us". The English Journal. 86 (8): 21–23. doi:10.2307/821615. JSTOR 821615.
3. ^ Smith, Jack (Jul 2010). "INTERVIEW". Author. 123 (vii): xvi–47. Retrieved April ii, 2015.
4. ^ "Local Writer Tim O'Brien Wins Lifetime Achievement Award". www.austinchronicle.com . Retrieved 2016-ten-30 .
5. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 1. sfn error: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (help)
6. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 26. sfn error: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (help)
7. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. thirty. sfn fault: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (help)
8. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 37. sfn fault: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (assist)
9. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 59. sfn mistake: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (help)
10. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 62. sfn error: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (assist)
11. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 82. sfn error: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (assistance)
12. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 85. sfn fault: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (aid)
13. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 111. sfn fault: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (aid)
14. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 113. sfn mistake: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (help)
15. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 118. sfn error: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (aid)
16. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 125. sfn error: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (assistance)
17. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 129. sfn error: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (help)
18. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 131. sfn error: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (help)
19. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 149. sfn mistake: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (assist)
20. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 155. sfn fault: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (assist)
21. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 171. sfn error: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (assist)
22. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 173. sfn error: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (help)
23. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 180. sfn fault: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (aid)
24. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 208. sfn fault: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (assist)
25. ^ O'Brien 1990, p. 213. sfn mistake: no target: CITEREFO'Brien1990 (help)
26. ^ Colella, Jill. "CliffsNotes on The Things They Carried". CliffNotes. CliffNotes. Retrieved vi May 2020.
27. ^ ^{a b c d e} Smith, Jack (November 10, 2015). "Tim O'Brien: The things he carries". The Writer . Retrieved 2019-12-06 .
28. ^ Bonney, Sarah. Morality and Pleasure in Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried. p. 11.
29. ^ Bonney, Sarah. Morality and Pleasure in Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried. p. 11.
30. ^ McCoy, Erin R. "Stalemate Or Cultural Crossroad?: Exploring U.South. "Systems" During The Vietnam State of war." Interdisciplinary Humanities 30.2 (2013):
31. ^ McNary, Dave (November 2, 2020). "Tom Hardy, Pete Davidson, Stephan James Join Vietnam War Drama 'The Things They Carried'". Variety . Retrieved March 28, 2022.
32. ^ "A Soldier'southward Sweetheart". IMDb.
33. ^ "GetLIT Festival Guide". Pagegangster.com. Retrieved 2012-05-01 .
34. ^ "EWU | 2011-2012 Flavor Schedule". Ewu.edu. Retrieved 2012-05-01 .
35. ^ Eastern 24/seven. "Theatre Program Wins Awards at Kennedy Center Festival". Sites.ewu.edu. Retrieved 2012-05-01 .
36. ^ "Carry. A game about war".
37. ^ Nagel, James (2001). The Gimmicky American Short-story Wheel: The Indigenous Resonance of Genre. LSU Printing. p. 286. ISBN9780807129616 . Retrieved 5 April 2015.
38. ^ Charters, Ann (2011). The Story and Its Writer. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins. p. 636.
39. ^ Hanna, Julia (Spring 2003). "The Things He Carries". Kennedy School Message. Archived from the original on May 7, 2013.
40. ^ Kurutz, Steven, "A State of war Book's Long Shelf Life," Wall Street Journal, March 19, 2010.
41. ^ "The Things They Carried". Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Retrieved 7 Apr 2015.
42. ^ Conan, Neal (March 24, 2010). "The Things They Carried, 20 Years On". NPR.
43. ^ "100 Books To Read In A Lifetime". Amazon . Retrieved 2014-02-09 .
44. ^ "Permanent Exhibit — The Things They Carried". National Veterans Art Museum. Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved seven April 2015.
45. ^ ""America Reads" Exhibition". Library of Congress. June 16 – December 31, 2016. Retrieved February 24, 2021.

External links [edit]

• An Index to The Things They Carried

corbettwoust1981.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Things_They_Carried

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